Tag Archives: mikrotik

Bug spotting – PPPoE and Hotspot

Came across an interesting (yet to be verified) bug today.

The info:

RouterOS v4.10 running on x86 server

Site runs both a hotspot and PPPoE server on the same interface.

Users can decide to login via the captive portal (which most do) or for those who understand and wish to use a pppoe connection, they have the option to use that instead, as it comes with a public IP.

The problem:

Support call came in saying that a user was unable to access www.google.com (which for the sake of this example we’ll say resolves to 192.0.2.1). I checked and confirmed I could indeed ping and trace to the address and put it down to a user issue, but left the ticket open to have one of our on-site techs give a try.

— later on–

Onsite tech indicated he to had become unable to access www.google.com via the pppoe login option and after getting a first hop response from the gateway the connection simply timed out.

The cause:

I’ll save you from having to hear about everything I tested and tried over the next hour however the actual cause was rather interesting.

The “hosts list” on the hotspot, had old entries from someone with an improperly configured IP address (in this case 192.0.2.1) which had tried to access the login page sometime in the past couple of days and was being held there. This meant that for users connected behind the pppoe interfaces, traffic to 192.0.2.1 was trying to go to that host RATHER than going out the correct default route.

Why? No idea.

The solution:

When the hotspot was setup (we’d reinstalled the machine just recently) it appears someone had forgotten to set the ‘idle-timeout’ value on the hotspot user-profile. This meant all these hosts were being held and the table was getting larger and larger (there were other incorrect addresses in there too).

Better solution: Provided by Mikrotik support
You have an option to allow only specific subnet to reach the HotSpot network.
Add the to ip-binding, specify subnets you would like to allow and set type=regular.
Block any other unneeded subnet by type=blocked.

Eg:

/ip hotspot ip-binding
add address=10.10.40.0/21 comment="Accept (not bypass) anything in the LAN range" disabled=no
add address=0.0.0.0/0 comment="block all else" disabled=no type=blocked

Side note: We don’t use the address-pool option on the hotspots as this causes LAN traffic to pass back (and be counted by) the router which we don’t want (as we let our users have unlimited LAN access to each other) so I’m at quite a loss as to why this routing pattern would occur.

MUM 2010 – Phoenix

For those of you who missed it, the most recent Mikrotik User Meeting (MUM) was on just a few days ago in the USA.

Videos of the presentations (which are all very interesting) are available on tiktube and I would highly recommend you check out Greg Sowell‘s presentation on Troubleshooting.

http://tiktube.com/?video=369

Greg has also just finished his Mikrotik Certified Trainer course so will be running http://mikrotikuniversity.com for those of you who would like to sharpen your mikrotik skills.

Other interesting things to come out of the conference include:

More IPv6 support (yay!)

Support for Cisco compatible GRE tunnels

Support for using a fully qualified domain name for IPSEC tunnels (removing the need for something like this: http://www.mikrotik-routeros.com/?p=29)

New hardware:

RB493G (Gigabit ports)

New Software:

Something I’ll post on more fully when I’ve seen the finished product: Flashfig, an app for installing configs on multiple routers (useful for cpe’s) simultaneously.

There’s some documentation on it already available here for now: http://wiki.mikrotik.com/wiki/Flashfig

IPv6 and Mikrotik – Using 6to4

Please note this guide assumes some basic knowledge of IPv4 and IPv6 address space.

Many of you may know of the impending doom that surrounds the IPv4 network and lack of remaining IP ranges.

The question is, how many people are actually doing anything about it? Given the slow take up worldwide I thought it worthwhile I do a post here to explain how you can get IPv6 on your network now.
No support required from your upstream ISP and without having to send your traffic half way around the world to a Hurricane Electric tunnel (hopefully).

So, what is 6to4?

From: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/6to4

6to4 is an Internet transition mechanism for migrating from IPv4 to IPv6, a system that allows IPv6 packets to be transmitted over an IPv4 network (generally the IPv4 internet) without the need to configure explicit tunnels. Special relay servers are also in place that allow 6to4 networks to communicate with native IPv6 networks.
6to4 is especially relevant during the initial phases of deployment to full, native IPv6 connectivity, since IPv6 is not required on nodes between the host and the destination. However, it is intended only as transition mechanism and is not meant to be used permanently.

Continue reading IPv6 and Mikrotik – Using 6to4

Freebies in SA (or How to download IP address lists to a Mikrotik)

In the state of Australia I currently live in, there are 2 major ISP’s – Internode and Adam Internet.
Being a typical nerd and living with other typical nerds we of course have 2 ADSL connections, 1 to each of these providers which are shared out amongst the house.

Internet Cafe. Now where's my Mocha?

However each of these providers have what we call in Australia – “unmetered content” that is to say download traffic from these sources is not measured and removed from our download allowances (yes, we have limits on what we can download).

So anyway, I’ll make like a sharp stick and get to the point.

We wanted to make sure that free traffic from each ISP would always go via that ISP’s link to save us on downloads and each ISP offers a list of the free IP’s in a nice text format: Continue reading Freebies in SA (or How to download IP address lists to a Mikrotik)

The death and resurrection of an RB450

Recently I’ve had 2 RB450’s come across my desk as “dead” units.

1 was the victim of a power surge, the other had just stopped working at some point.
As these were both going to visit the bin otherwise, I claimed both units in the hope that I might be able to use my limited grasp of electronics to fix them.

As it turns out thou, both had exactly the same problem.. namely busted capacitors.

This iswhat broken capacitors look like! (pop-tops)

So, I checked the specifications on the popped caps and picked up the closest suitable replacments I could find:

Originals: 6.3v 560uF

Replacements: 10v 470uF (20 cents each)

Used soldering iron and some wick to remove the solder on the existing ones, popped em out and swapped in the new.

Hey Presto, working RB450!

Repair job glamour shot!

There’s a thread on the mikrotik forums about other people having similar problems, which seems to have been traced back to a batch of bad caps.

Either way, handy for anyone who has a dead one that’s either out of warranty or you’re too lazy to RMA 🙂